Article
Deal-making in the wake of the pandemic: examining the issues concerning buyers and sellers today
Nov 29, 2021
While the COVID-19 pandemic had an enormous impact on the deal-making environment, as economies continue to move into a recovery phase, deal-making has bounced back in a significant way. At a recent Baker Tilly webinar, Mike Milani, principal, Baker Tilly Capital, LLC, noted that “in the pandemic deal-making environment, what you're seeing is motivated buyers and motivated sellers. Many people have adapted a post-COVID growth outlook where many businesses for sale right now have been in recovery or are fully recovered.”
Third-quarter 2021 merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions broke several records, Milani noted, including global M&A reaching an all-time peak of $1.52 trillion. In the U.S., M&A activity was up 32% in Q3 for a total of $581 billion.
Over the last five-plus years, M&A has generally been steady – both in terms of the number of transactions and the number of dollars – as depicted in the charts below. Following some ugly pandemic-driven numbers in Q2 and Q3 of 2020, transaction activity began to bounce back in Q4 of last year, and the numbers in Q2 and Q3 of this year are in line with typical years, Milani said. Additionally, this year’s Q4 figures are projected to be quite robust, as well.
“As I look into my little crystal ball,” Milani said, “my guess is that the fourth quarter is going to be much stronger than the first three quarters.”
“You have seen a number of companies come to market in 2021 that were thinking of going to market in 2020 but decided not to put themselves up for sale, just to get past the pandemic and some of the issues that people saw during that recovery period,” Milani said.
Factors behind the continued resurgence of M&A activity include:
- Post-COVID outlook: Many businesses are recovering from the impact of COVID-19, and buyers/sellers are beginning to feel optimistic about the future
- Possible capital and estate tax changes: Capital gains taxes might increase, and valuations continue to be quite high, both for public and private companies
- Valuation opportunity for sellers: EBITDA multiples are strong at the moment, which in turn has led to strong valuations for companies looking to sell
- Acquisitive private equity and strategic buyers drive M&A demand: There was not a lot of M&A activity in 2020 and early in 2021, relatively speaking, but now PE investors have money to spend – and interest in seeing what’s available
- Liquidity: The combination of cash on corporate balance sheets, a low interest rate lending environment and private equity cash are all contributing to the liquidity fueling deal-making
Examining the seller’s point of view
Brandon Zlupko, principal, Baker Tilly Advantage, noted that from the perspective of sellers, a contributing factor to pursue a deal is family business owners who no longer want to bear the effort and risks of their business and may not have a relative to whom they can pass the business. Additionally, many business owners are at or near retirement and are concerned about the potential for higher corporate, personal income, capital gains and dividend taxes. Some have determined that the after-tax proceeds from a sale are sufficient to fund their retirement.
“People are starting to ask the questions: ‘How much do I really need?’” Zlupko said. “’I’ve grown this business enough – can I be satisfied with that? Can I sell it off to family? Can I do other things now? Am I ready to move forward?’”
Also, sellers are influenced by two factors closely related to the pandemic. First, as Zlupko noted, some sellers are wary of the next “crisis” and how it could affect their companies, so they are looking to get out now rather than dealing with unexpected headaches in the future. And secondly, there is the “vacation home effect” – many business owners have spent significant time working remotely (either from their day-to-day homes or their vacation spots) and have enjoyed their flexible schedules and time with family and friends to the extent that their mindset surrounding how and where they want to live their life has changed completely.
As they work through these decisions, sellers are considering a variety of questions – many related directly to the pandemic – before diving into a potential transaction, including:
- Is the company demonstrating year-over-year improved operational and financial performance?
- Did the company demonstrate resilience through the pandemic and emerge as a better business?
- How does the company retain/attract/grow key talent?
- If the company did not sell in 2021, is it maintaining an exit planning mindset and waiting to go to market and sell next year?
Exit planning mindset
These questions are often part of the problem-solving process when it comes to exit planning. Zlupko highlighted several of the issues, including:
Family alignment
- The family enterprise does not share a vision for the future
- There is conflict related to the business ownership, leadership and/or performance
Individual family member changes
- The owner does not have a “third act” plan
- The next generation isn’t prepared to take over
- Estate plans are not current and do not reflect potential tax law changes
Ownership transition
- Sellers are considering transitioning ownership to family, management or an outside group
Value preservation and enhancement
- The business does not have a value creation plan
Once all these factors have been considered, the question is: Where do business owners go from here? Sellers need to understand how to structure the conversation and the strategy moving forward. In its simplest form, Zlupko highlighted a model for exit planning that can be divided into three categories:
- Family considerations: This comprises the family enterprise and strategy, the ownership transition options, and the considerations surrounding the next generation.
- Business considerations: What’s the strategic value creation plan? What are leaders doing to move the company forward? Is there a leadership succession plan? And how is enterprise valuation impacted?
- Personal considerations: This includes the estate plan, the wealth management plan and the “third act” and retirement plan, which all take into consideration the personal impact on individual family members.
These three dynamics can be viewed as a three-legged stool. “If any of those elements is out of alignment, then it’s not going to work. It’s not going to be stable,” Zlupko explained. “So, all of those things have to be considered – and in alignment – in order to be successful.”
The term “exit planning” often has negative connotations, Zlupko noted, but in reality it’s a sound business strategy that de-risks the negative impacts of the five Ds: death, disability, divorce, disagreement and distress. In the event that any of those elements force a business owner to sell, having a sound and proactive exit planning strategy can help them mitigate the impact of those Ds while still extracting maximum value from the sale of the business.
Minding the gaps
While weighing these considerations (as well as the factors that drive enterprise value, as depicted in the graphic below), it also is critical for business owners to understand and monitor three specific gaps:
- Profit gap: How does the company’s EBITDA or financial performance compare to best-in-class companies? How profitable is the business in relation to competitors, and the industry? At the end of the day, the value of the company is impacted by a multiple that is directly driven by its profitability.
- Value gap: If the company is not best in class, what is the impact on the company’s enterprise value? The value that owners believe the business is worth could be incorrect – it could be worth less (or more). In short, the owner’s expectations for the transaction may not line up with reality.
- Wealth gap: How does the impact on value translate with the owners needs or expectations to harvest wealth from the company? Because so much of an owner’s wealth is often tied into the profits and value of their business, the owner could be facing a wealth gap.
What buyers/investors are looking for
Buyers and investors, above all, are looking for an attractive business. What do they consider attractive? Milani highlighted factors such as:
- Industry position, market size and growth rate: Where the company stands in the marketplace relative to competition
- Financial metrics: Sales, gross margin, adjusted EBITDA and margins, quality of earnings, quality of assets, free cash flow and working capital – with a focus on the seller’s profitability and leveragability
- Growth opportunities: Organic (new markets, customers, products, services) and inorganic (M&A/JVs) growth potential, both now and in the future
- Infrastructure: The quality of the seller’s existing organization chart and infrastructure – IT systems, scalability and required investment
- Leadership and management: The strength of current leadership, management and corporate culture
And just like the sellers are doing, buyers and investors are asking key questions. They are doing their due diligence, and the process of answering these questions can be quite time-consuming.
“Typically people provide a laundry list of questions related to financial, operational, IT, HR and environmental due diligence,” Milani said. “The lists get very long and robust and require quite a bit of data gathering to address in a manner that is satisfactory to both the buyer as well as their capital source. But we have seen some new questions emerge during COVID.”
While the pandemic may be winding down, buyers are asking:
- How has the seller adapted to customer/supplier/employee needs during the pandemic and have they been innovative in terms of delivering on that?
- Has the seller been able to deliver value to its customers throughout the pandemic?
- Has the seller been able to either maintain or grow market share in their industry niche?
- How has the seller improved operations by implementing process improvements and more technology?
- How did the pandemic impact business operations? If revenue and EBITDDA was affected, how did the company bounce back?
In summary
From an M&A standpoint, the pandemic is no longer an excuse to not act. The numbers are clear that the pandemic environment is not preventing market activity. With this in mind, though, business owners must be more strategic than ever when it comes to enhancing and retaining their business’ enterprise value. The M&A environment has become more complex, so sellers need to be engaged, strategic and proactive to keep the business at its optimum value. Part of this process is exit planning, but don’t assume that exit planning means the end is near.
“The concepts inherent in exit planning are applicable and valuable at any stage of the business life cycle,” Zlupko stressed.
Baker Tilly of course can assist on the buy-side and the sell-side throughout every step of this process and, in particular, with every element of concern that business owners and buyers may be facing. Contact us for more information or to discuss how we can help you with planning for or executing a potential transaction, now or in the future.
Making the deal
Business strategies for buying, selling or raising capital. Seller and buyer perspectives almost two years into the pandemic business environment.
Making the deal
What business leaders need to know now about buying, selling or raising capital
To view more on this topic or learn how Baker Tilly specialists can help, contact our team.