Article | Institutional compliance
ADA in higher education: supporting and protecting the campus community
Jan. 9, 2023 · Authored by Kyra Castano
As recipients of Title IV federal funds (i.e., financial aid), nearly all U.S. colleges and universities are subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Sections 504 and 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Rehabilitation Act).
The ADA provides broad nondiscrimination protection in employment, public services and public accommodations for individuals with disabilities. Under the ADA, both public and private colleges and universities are required to provide equal access to postsecondary education, including extracurricular activities for students with disabilities.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of physical or mental disability. In 1998, Congress enacted Section 508 to reduce the obstacles in information technology for people with disabilities by requiring electronic and information technology to be accessible to people with disabilities, including employees and members of the public.
The inconsistences and the unknown
A rise in compliance review requests from the Office of Civil Rights (OCR), lawsuits with national associations and grievances filed by individual community members (students, faculty, staff, etc.) has increased the level of scrutiny institutions face.
As a new semester begins and a new community is welcomed, the ADA is in place to ensure equal access and opportunity for everyone in it. But what happens if disability barriers are unknown or internal controls are inconsistently maintained?
Trending risks
Governance
- Discriminatory admission and enrollment practices
- Loss of accreditation and/or funding
Process
- Failing to provide a reasonable accommodation
- Student accommodation requests are not reviewed and/or addressed in a timely manner
Technology
- Learning Management System (LMS) does not accommodate screen reader functions
- Public-facing websites are not accessible to all individuals
Other risks to consider
- Decentralized oversight of webpage
Accessibility in action – case study
Client need
A higher education institution needed help to determine whether its approach to supporting student accessibility was following ADA Section 504 and 508 and other industry standards.
Baker Tilly solution
Our Baker Tilly team helped the institution by reviewing documentation (e.g., organizational charts, policies, procedures, workflows, job descriptions, etc.) to understand the institution’s framework for ADA compliance and assess consistency with applicable regulations and interpretations. In addition, our team conducted testing procedures to determine if key public-facing websites conformed with the institutions policy for accessibility and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Further, we conducted testing procedures to determine the timeliness for addressing accommodation requests and outcomes of students with accommodation needs.
Results achieved
Our team identified that some webpages were not in conformance with WCAG guidelines and the business processes in place to remediate the website accessibility errors were decentralized with ineffective access controls. Additionally, we identified that the LMS used for in-person courses was not required to be reviewed for accessibility compliance and in-person instructors were not required to take accessibility training courses.
For more information on this topic, or to learn more about how Baker Tilly’s higher education internal audit specialists can help your institution, contact our team.
Disability Discrimination: Overview of the Laws, U.S. Department of Education (ED)
WCAG 2 Overview, The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
